ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of stroke in older adults in Brazil, and at identifying the sociodemographic, health-related, health service-related, and environmental factors associated with independence in daily activities. Across-sectional, population-based study (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging 2015-2016) was conducted. 536 individuals (≥ 50 years), from 9,412 participants, have had stroke and were included. Prevalence of stroke was 5.3% among individuals aged 50 years and over, increasing up to 8.0% among individuals aged 75 years and over, showing a dissimilar pattern between sex. Independence was associated with walking speed (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 2.72, 95%CI: 1.96 to 3.77), physical activity (PR 1.24; 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.47) and use of walking devices (PR 0.63; 95%CI: 0.41 to 0.96). A significant interaction was found between walking speed plus home adaptations and performance of daily living activities (PR 3.42; 95%CI: 1.04 to 11.29). The probability of independence was 40% among slow walkers (< 0.4 m/s), increasing up to 70% among fast walkers (> 0.8 m/s), and to 90% among those who also have home adaptations. Faster walking speed combined with home adaptations was the main factor associated with long-term independence after stroke.
Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) em brasileiros mais velhos, bem como identificar fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde, de serviços de saúde e ambientais associados à independência em atividades de vida diária. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de Idosos Brasileiros 2015-2016). Dos 9.412 participantes, 536 indivíduos (≥ 50 anos) tiveram AVC e foram incluídos. A prevalência do AVC foi de 5,3% em indivíduos com 50 anos e mais, aumentando para 8% entre indivíduos com 75 anos e mais, com padrão dissimilar entre sexo. A independência foi associada à velocidade da marcha (razão de prevalência [RP] 2,72, IC95%: 1,96-3,77), atividade física (PR 1,24; IC95%: 1,04-1,47) e uso de dispositivos auxiliares de marcha (RP 0,63; IC95%: 0,41-0,96). Encontrou-se interação significativa para velocidade da marcha, adaptações no domicílio e a independência (RP 3,42; IC95%: 1.04-11.29). A probabilidade de independência foi de 40% nas velocidades mais baixas (< 0,4 m/s), e nas velocidades mais elevadas (> 0,8 m/s) foi de 70%, aumentando para 90% quando há adaptações no domicílio. A velocidade rápida da marcha e a adaptação no domicílio foram os principais fatores associados à independência a longo prazo após o AVC.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Frailty and sarcopenia are frequent conditions in the elderly and are related to inactivity and functionality. However, little is known about the influence of the sarcopenia indicators on the frailty profile or their functional implications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the indirect indicators of sarcopenia and functionality influence the frailty profile in elderly subjects. METHOD : This was a cross-sectional study with 53 elderly subjects recruited by an active search in a secondary health care service. The indirect indicators of sarcopenia were body mass index (BMI), gait speed, Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Human Activity Profile (HAP), and handgrip strength. Frailty was characterized according to Fried's Frailty Phenotype. Functional capacity was assessed according to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Physical activity level was assessed by HAP. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression. RESULTS: Overall, 75.5% of the subjects were women, with a mean age of 76.72 (±5.89) years; 15.1% were frail and 54.7% pre-frail; and the level of physical activity was the most prevalent indicator of sarcopenia. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in both the physical activity level and gait speed between the non-frail and pre-frail groups and between the non-frail and frail groups. In addition, some sarcopenia indicators were associated with functional capacity and geriatric depression score. CONCLUSION: The level of physical activity and gait speed appeared to be the most relevant factors in the development of frailty in the study sample, which may have functional implications. .